MAUČEC Miha: Uporaba membranskih bioreaktrojev na komunalnih čistilnih napravah
Mentor: izr. prof. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Mario Krzyk
zagovor: julij 2016

Povzetek
V seminarski nalogi je predstavljena uporaba membranskih bioreaktorjev na komunalnih čistilnih napravah. V industriji so takšni sistemi uporabljeni že dalj časa, saj prispevajo k boljšemu čiščenju odpadnih voda. Z vse strožjimi standardi o izpustih iz čistilnih naprav se je začela uporaba membranskih bioreaktorjev tudi na komunalnih čistilnih napravah. Cilj naloge je bil opisati postopek čiščenja odpadnih voda z membranskimi bioreaktorji, ter predstaviti, prednosti in slabosti teh sistemov. Podjetja so k razvoju membranskih bioreaktorjev prostopila na različne načine, tako je prišlo do nastanka več vrst sistemov membran, ter postopkov v samem delovanju membranskih bioreaktorjev. Tako smo predstavili najpogosteje uporabljene sisteme, kateri so že dobro preverjeni za uporabo na komunlanih čistilnih napravah, saj jih uporabljajo že vrsto let. Iz preučevanja literature je bilo razvidno, da uporaba membranskih bioreaktorjev na komunalnih čistilnih napravah še ima določen pomankljivosti. Predvsem stroškovno gledano še niso izenačeni z običajnimi biološkimi čistilnimi napravami, kar pa je posledica, menjavanja membran, ter neuveljavljenosti membranskih bioreaktorjev, kar posledično zvišuje ceno postavitve sistema.
Ključne besede: MBR, čistilna naprava, membranski bioreaktor, votla vlakna, mašenje, filtracija, Zenon, Kubota

Abstract
We wanted to present the usage of membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment plants. In industries such systems are widely spread contributing to improve wastewater treatment. With increasing standards on discahrges from wastewater treatment plantsm began usage of membrane bioreactors at municipal treatment plants. The aim of the thesis was to describe the process of wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactors and to present advantages and disadvantages of these systems. Companies that produce membrane bioreactors have different ways of approaching to develpomnet. So there has been the emergence of several types of membrane systems and procedures in the proper functioning of membrane bioreactors. We have presented the most commonly used systems, which are already well proven for usage for municipal wastewater treatment plants, since they have been in operation for several years. By studying the literature it showed that the usage of membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment plants stil has some drawbacks. Particularly the operating costs are higher than by conventional biological wastewater treatment plants, which is result of membrane exchange. Since the membrane bioreactors are not commonly used at this type of treatment plants the costs of instaling the system are therefore also higher.
Key words: MBR, wastewater treatment plant, membrane bioreactor, hollow fibre, fouling, filtration, Zenon, Kubota

MARGUČ Tina: Upravljanje z vodnimi zemljišči
Mentor: prof. dr. Franci Steinman
zagovor: julij 2016

Povzetek
V okviru upravljanja voda se urejajo tudi vodna in priobalna zemljišča. To področje ureja krovni zakon to je Zakon o vodah. Urejanje vodnih zemljišč je bilo zaradi zgodovinskih dejstev, to je družbene lastnine, v preteklosti zelo zapostavljeno področje. Vodotoki so spreminjali svoje struge, zaradi zaščite pred poplavami so se izvajale regulacije, nastajala je vodna infrastruktura, zemljišča pa se temu primerno niso urejala. Tako je v katastru nepremičnin in v zemljiški knjigi stanje precej drugačno kot je stanje v naravi, oziroma dejansko stanje. Razpolaganje, pridobivanje in obremenjevanje s stvarnimi pravicami vodnih in priobalnih zemljišč je postopkovno zelo zahtevno, predvsem tudi zato, ker so struge vodotokov, to so vodna zemljišča, javno dobro in namenjena splošni rabi, zato promet s temi zemljišči dejansko brez predhodnih postopkov ni možen. Zelo se razlikujejo tudi podatki in evidence o vodnih zemljiščih, ki niso enotno urejene. Razpolaganje in pridobivanje so metode, ki omogočajo pravne posle in promet z nekdaj vodnimi zemljišči in zemljišči po katerih dejansko tečejo spremenjene struge vodotokov. Urejanje vodnih zemljišč, ki niso v lasti države, oziroma še niso ustrezno lastninjena so odvisni od postopkov, ki jih vodijo različni državni organi. .
Ključne besede: vodna zemljišča, dejanska raba, zemljiški kataster, zemljiška knjiga, javno dobro, pravni posli, evidenca, upravljavec, priobalno zemljišče

Abstract
In the context of water management, also the river streams and shorelines are included. This area is governed by the umbrella law called The Law on waters. Management of river basins and shorelines has been neglected in the past. This was mainly due to the historical fact that these areas were public property. Streams changed their channels, due to protection against flooding streams were regulated, water related infrastructure was emerging, but surrounding lands were not managed accordingly. For this reason the Real-estate Kataster and Land Registry contain information and show records that are not in line with the actual situation. Use, acquisition and applying mortgage (or other kinds of debts) to the land of water streams and shorelines is very challenging from a procedural point of view. This mainly due to the fact that these lands are considered “public good” and should be available to general use. For that reason real estate market with these lands requires plenty of additional procedures beforehand. There are many discrepancies noted from different sources of the public records, which are not regulated and managed uniformly. The use and acquisition are methods that enable legal business and real estate market with the lands where a water streams once existed and the lands where actual water stream exist at present period. Management of water lands that are not publicly owned or were not fully privatized, depend heavily on the procedures led by different competent public authorities.
Key words: river land management, land use, land Kataster, Land Regestry, public good, legal business, record, manegar, shoreline area

KRSMANOVIĆ Mirko: Tehnične možnosti izgradnje malega zadrževalnika in nastavki za idejni projekt zadrževalnika na Horjulki
Mentor: prof. dr. Franci Steinman
zagovor: julij 2016

Povzetek
Mali vodni zadrževalniki z malo pregrado so hidrotehnični objekti za zadrževanje oziroma začasno akumuliranje vode. Njihova naloga je zagotoviti poplavno varnosti pri pojavu daljšega naliva in posledično zelo povečanega pretoka ter poplavnega vala. Smisel malih zadrževalnikov je v tem, da smo bolj fleksibilni pri postavitvi, saj zavzamejo manjšo površino in z njimi predvsem rešujemo težave na omejenem obsegu površin in lokalno. V seminarski nalogi se na začetku posvetim definiciji male pregrade in kaj so ključni parametri, kateri jih ločijo od velikih pregrad. Kasneje naredim splošen pregled tipov malih pregrad. V glavnem delu naloge pa se posvetim tehničnim vidikom zasnove homogene in slojevite male pregrade. Katere kriterije je pri posamezni fazi gradnje treba upoštevati. Navajam kriterije za zbijanje temeljnih tal in slojev pregrade, tehnike tesnitve, kriterije za preprečevanje pronicanja in notranje erozije v pregradi. Obrazložim drenažni sistem ter pojem in kriterije varnostnega nadvišanja pregrade. V nadaljevanju se posvetim zunanji zaščiti brežin na vodni in suhi strani pregrade, formiranju krone pregrade in njenih mer. Na koncu naloge pa so pripravljeni osnovni hidrološki in geološki podatki za idejno zasnovo zadrževalnika na reki Horjulki. Ti podatki so lahko osnova za nadaljevanje in pisanje diplomske naloge.
Ključne besede: vodni zadrževalnik, mala pregrada, jezovna zgradba, poplavna zaščita, preliv, povodje, varnostno nadvišanje, kamnita zložba, drenaža v pregradi

Abstract
Small water reservoirs with small dams are hydraulic structures for containment or temporarily accumulating water. Their task is to ensure flood safety in the emergence of longer rainfall and consequently markedly increased flow and possible flood wave. Use of small reservoirs is convenient in a sense that we are more flexible with setting it up, by taking up a smaller area and with mainly to solve problems on a limited scale surface and locally. My goal in this seminar is to present basic information on small dams. Beginning with definition of what small dams are and what are the key parameters that set them apart from large dams. Followed with an overview of the types of small dams. In the main part of the work I dedicate writing to the technical aspects of the design of homogeneous and zoned small dams. What are criterias for each stage of construction and what criterias should be taken into account. Starting with criteria for the compaction of ground and layers of soil in a dam, sealing techniques with impermeable materials, the criteria for preventing seepage and internal erosion in small dams. Continue with drainage system and explaination of the concept and criteria on freeboard. I write also about upstream and downstream slope protection of the embankment earthfill dams against waves and heavy rainfall. Importance of formation and dimensions of a crown of small dams is also crucial. I conclude with basic information, basic hydrological and geological data for the conceptual design of the reservoir on the river Horjulka. These data might be basic input data for continuation with this work into the thesis.
Key words: reservoir, small dam, embankment earthfill dam, spillway, flood protection, slope protection, drainage, freeboard, riprap protection, basin

ČAD Luka: Vplivi proizvodnje sladkorja iz sladkorne pese na okolje s poudarkom na odpadnih vodah ter metodah čiščenja le teh
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
zagovor: julij 2016

Povzetek
Sladkor se kot proizvodna dobrina v našem vsakdanjiku uporablja v enormnih količinah kot ena glavnih surovin v prehrambni industriji in pri proizvodnji pijač. V naši prehrani je od nekdaj poveličan kot nekaj slastnega, kot priboljšek, nagrada, nekaj kar nam daje energijo in nas poživlja. V zadnjem času se začenjamo zavedati negativnih učinkov pretirane uporabe na zdravje, medtem ko se redko vprašamo, kako sladkor nastane in kakšne vplive ima na okolje. Na eni strani proizvodnja sladkorja prinaša razvoj v mnogih revnih državah z zaposlovanjem in velikimi zaslužki, a ob dobičkih multinacionalk, ki igrajo glavno vlogo pri proizvodnji skoraj 145 ton sladkorja na letni ravni, se negativnih posledic v okolju ne sme zanemariti. V seminarju podajam vpogled na industrijske procese pridobivanja sladkorja iz sladkorne pese, predmetne bistvene vplive na okolje, kjer kot glavnega izpostavljam posledice izpusta v vode in predstavljam metode anaerobnega in aerobnega čiščenja odpadnih vod sladkorne industrije.
Ključne besede:

Abstract
Sugar as product in our every day’s life’s been consumed in enormous quantities as one of main resources in food and drink industry. In our food consumption sugar is from always glorified as something special, delicious, the treat, something which gives us energy and revitalizes. Finally, we are starting to realize the negative effects of excessive use, which has been founded very unhealthy, but most of people do not give second thought to where or how it is produced and what kind of impacts brings its production on the environment. From one point of view the production of sugar brings development to many poor countries by producing employment and reliable incomes for many, but on the other hand the profits of multinational companies that play a major role in the production of nearly 145 tons of sugar each year, the negative consequences in the environment should not be ignored. The seminar I’m giving you my explanation of the industrial processes of sugar production from sugar beet, objective significant environmental impacts, where I pointed the main consequences of discharge into the water and present methods of anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment of sugar industry wastewater.
Key words:

STRUPEH Aleš: Možnosti ravnanja odvečnega blata iz čistilne naprave
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
V nalogi bom predstavil postopke ravnanja z blatom. Ti postopki so regulirani s strani zakonodajalca, zato bom najprej pregledal aktualne uredbe, ki se direktno in indirektno nanašajo na ravnanja z blatom. V nadaljevanju bom opisal vrste in sestave ter možnosti obdelave odvečnega blata iz čistilne naprave.
Ključne besede:

Abstract
In this thesis i will present possible treatment processes of sludge from wastewater treatment plant. Treatment processes are regulated by the legislation body, therefore i overview latest regulations that directly and indirectly involves sludge treatment. Then i will discribe possible treatment processes of sludge.
Key words:

RAKANOVIĆ Dragana: Raziskava nastajanja in ravnanja z odpadki na obratu X
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Odpadki nastajajo kot posledica dejavnosti ljudi in kot taki onesnažujejo in ogrožajo vse sfere okolja ter poslabšujejo življenjske pogoje za vsa živa bitja. Države sprejemajo vedno strožjo okoljevarstveno politiko, ki nalaga odgovornejše ravnanje z odpadki. Cilj je preprečevati odpadke in ponovna uporaba le-teh z namenom zmanjšati količino na odlagališčih in zmanjšati uporabo naravnih virov in negativnih vplivov na okolje. Tudi v podjetju X se trudijo zadostiti zahtevam zakonodaje, zato vodijo aktivno okoljsko politiko s številnimi uspešnimi aktivnostmi za varovanje okolja. Na začetku naloge pišemo splošno o odpadkih in zakonodaji na področju ravnanja z odpadki. Sledi predstavitev podjetja X in odpadkov, ki nastajajo v podjetju X, na obratu Y.
Ključne besede: odpadki, ravnanje z odpadki, varovanje okolja

Abstract
Wastes are generated as a result of human activity and as such pollute and threaten all spheres of environment and worsening living conditions for all living creatures. Countries are adopting stricter environmental policies, which imposes more responsible waste management. The aim is to prevent waste and re-use them in order to reduce the amount of it in landfills and reduce the use of natural resources and the negative impacts on the environment. In company X they try to meet the requirements of the legislation, so they keep an active environmental policy by number of successful operations to protect the environment. At the beginning of our task we write about waste and waste management legislation in general. In continuation we present the Company X and waste that are generated in Company X and Plant Y.
Key words: waste, waste management, protection of the environment

HUMERCA Gabrijela: Ločevanje, zbiranje, čiščenje in ponovna uporaba različnih vod v stanovanjskih hišah
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Voda je življene. Stavek, ki ga velikokrat slišimo, vendar ali se ga res zavedamo. V času rasti svetovne populacije, postaja problem izkoriščanja vode izredno kompleksen. Varčevanje z vodo že dolgo ne pomeni več samo zapiranje pipe, medtem ko si umivamo zobe. Pomembnost te naravne dobrine nas vedno bolj sili k iskanju novih rešitev pridobivanja, varčevanja, izkoriščanja in ponovne uporabe. Večina gospodinjstev v Sloveniji je priklopljenih na javni vodovod in tako dobijo čisto, neoporečno pitno vodo kar preko javnega omrežja. Žal se ta voda uporablja tudi za opravila, ki ne bi potrebovala tako obsežne obdelave. Eden od alternativnih virov vode v gospodinjstvu je lahko deževnica. Odličen vir vode, ki ga z zelo malo obdelave lahko izkoristimo za zalivanje vrta, pranje avtomobila, v primeru vzpostavitve ustreznega sistema pa tudi za splakovanje stranišč, pranje perila. S primerno obdelavo je lahko celo ustrezen vir pitne vode. Prav tako lahko zmanjšamo porabo kvalitetne pitne vode, s ponovno uporabo odpadne vode. Predvsem tu imajo razvite države še veliko možnosti napredka. Sistemi za ponovno uporabo vode, predvsem sive, lahko z različnimi tehnologijami in metodami ravno tako zagotovijo vodo ustrezne kvalitete za različna opravila (splakovanje stranišč, pranje avtomobila) ali vsaj za zalivanje vrta. V državi, kjer zaenkrat še nimamo problema z oskrbo prebivalstva s pitno vodo, pridejo v poštev bolj enostavni sistemi, z manjšim finančnim vložkom, ki uporabniku vseeno znižajo stroške in nenazadnje ohranjajo naravne vire.
Ključne besede: pitna voda, odpadna voda, deževnica, ponovna uporaba vode

Abstract
Water is life. But what does this well-known phrase actually mean? Exploitation of water is extremely complex, especially now in the times of ever growing world population. Closing the tap while you are brushing your teeth, simply just isn't good enough any more. We are at the point when we have to find new solutions for saving, exploitation and reuse of water. Most households in Slovenia are connected to public water network, which provides them with clean, safe drinking water. Unfortunately, this water is also used for tasks that don't need such extensive treatment. and water of this quality. An alternative household water source can be rainwater, which needs almost no treatment and is excellent for watering the garden or washing the car. With installing proper harvesting/treatment/and distribution system it can also be used for flushing toilets or washing clothes. With proper treatment it can even serve as a source of potable water. Another way of reducing consumption of high quality drinking water is reusing waste water. Even in the developed countries there is still room for improvement in this areas. Systems for the reuse of waste water, grey water in particular, can ensure adequate water quality for various household tasks (toilet flushing, car washing) or at least watering the garden. In Slovenia, where water is still in abundance, people tend to use simple, inexpensive water systems to reduce household water costs and conserve natural resources.
Key words: Potable water, waste water, rainwater, water reuse

UMEK Andrej: Porušitve zemeljskih pregrad
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Četina
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Seminarska naloga opisuje zemeljske pregrade in njihove porušitve. V prvem delu bo opisana poglavitna literatura, ki je bila predelana pri seminarju. V drugem delu so opisane teoretične osnove, ki so potrebne za razumevanje vzrokov porušitev pregrad. Na kratko so opisane pregrade in njihova delitev po različnih kriterijih. Prikazane bodo enačbe za preračun porušitvenih valov in predstavljene metode, ki omogočajo njihovo reševanje. V osrednjem delu je na kratko povzeta zgodovina zemeljskih pregrad. Našteti in opisani so glavni vzroki za porušitev pregrad in predstavljeni nekateri primeri iz zgodovine porušitev, ki so pustili najhujše posledice. Opisana je organizacija ICOLD, ki predstavlja krovno mednarodno organizacijo na področju pregrad, in namen njenega delovanja. Ena od glavnih dejavnosti ICOLD-a je vzpostavljanje baze o pregradah, ki se imenuje svetovni register velikih pregrad. Predstavljeno je tudi društvo SLOCOLD, ki je slovenska nacionalna organizacija, ki deluje na področju pregrad. V Sloveniji imamo 21 zemeljskih velikih pregrad, od katerih je nekaj večjih v nalogi tudi podrobneje opisanih. V nadaljevanju seminar opisuje statistične podatke porušitev iz preteklosti. Predstavljen in opisan je sistem podajanja ocene tveganja skupaj z analizo in vrednotenjem tveganja. Opisan je monitoring in pomen vzdrževanja pregrad. Za konec osrednjega dela so predstavljeni rezultati raziskovalno – projektne naloge, ki opisuje stanje pregrad v Sloveniji in podani zaključki.
Ključne besede: Hidravlika, zemeljska pregrada, porušitev, ICOLD, SLOCOLD, ocena tveganja

Abstract
A seminar work describes the Earth Dams and their failures. In the first part will be described the main literature which have been processed in the seminar work. The second part describes the theoretical background, which is necessary for understanding causes of the dam failures. The Section briefly describes dams and their division according to different criteria. Main Equations for calculating of waves and solution methods are also presented. In the central part a summarized history of earth dams is given. Listed and described are main causes for the failures of dams, followed by some examples of failures in history, which left the worst consequences. The organisation ICOLD, which is the main international organisation in the field of dams and the purpose of their operation. One of the main activities of the ICOLD it is also creating a review book of existing, which is called The World Register of Large Dams. The association SLOCOLD, which is the Slovenian national organisation on large dams and works in the field of the dams is also presented. In Slovenia we have 21 large earth dams, which are listed in the seminar work and some of them are also described more into detail. In the following document describes statistical data of dam failures of the past. Presented and described is the system of risk assessment, including risk analysis and risk evaluation. The importance of monitoring and maintenance of dams is also described. The result of the research project VODPREG that describes the status of dams in Slovenia are presented. 
Key words: Hydraulics, Earth Dam, failure, ICOLD , SLOCOLD , risk assessment

PILTAVER Jaka: Metodologija določanja poplavnih območij v skladu z evropsko direktivo
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Poplave so najpogostejše naravne katastrofe v Evropi. Zaradi klimatskih sprememb je pričakovati, da bodo poplave v bodoče še pogostejše in silovitejše. V zadnjih desetletjih je bilo ugotovljeno, da poplave povzročajo večjo škodo, kljub temu, da je bilo ogromno sredstev namenjenih protipoplavni zaščiti, vzroke za to gre iskati v družbeno-ekonomskem razvoju in neprimernem prostorskem načrtovanju. Evropska Unija je 23. oktobra 2007 sprejela Direktivo Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta o oceni in obvladovanju poplavne ogroženosti, imenovan kar Poplavna direktiva (Direktiva o oceni in obvladovanju poplavne ogroženosti, 60/2007/ES). Temeljni cilj te direktive je zmanjševanje škodljivih posledic poplav, s pomočjo enotno izdelanih poplavnih kart, kart poplavne nevarnosti in kart poplavne ogroženosti. V seminarski nalogi je v predstavljena metodologija določanja poplavnih območij in izdelava kart poplavne nevarnosti ter kart poplavne ogroženosti v skladu s pravili in smernicami, ki jih določa Direktiva 60/2007/ES. Na primeru dobrih praks iz tujine je predstavljenih nekaj poglobljenih metodologij določanja poplavne nevarnosti ter škodnega potenciala.
Ključne besede: poplave, poplavne karte, karte poplavne nevarnosti, karte poplavne ogroženosti, ranljivost, škodni potencial

Abstract
Floods are most frequent natural disasters in Europe. It is expected that the number of floods and flood damage will further increase due to climate changes. Finding show that in the last decade floods caused larger damage although a lot of assets were given to flood protection. This was most probably caused by the socio-economic development and inappropriate spatial planning.
On October 23th 2007 Union Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks often referred to as the 'Floods' Directive, came into force. The purpose of this Directive is to establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks, aiming at the reduction of the adverse consequences. Methodology of flood risk assessment areas and production of flood hazard and flood risk maps in accordance with Floods Directive is presented in seminar theme.
On a case study basis of good practices from abroad some methodologies of assessment of flood hazard and damage potential is further presented.
Key words: floods, flood maps, flood hazard maps, flood risk maps, vulnerability, damage potential

BLAŽIČ Aleš: Ribji prehodi
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Zaradi naraščujočega števila jezovnih zgradb in pregrad, zgrajenih za pridobivanje energije, reguliranje pretoka, oskrbo s pitno vodo in namakanje, je veliko evropskih rek postalo neprehodnih za ribje vrste, ki v različnih fazah življenjskega cikla migrirajo gorvodno in/ali dolvodno. Veliko migracij je ključnih za obstanek vrste, saj so tesno povezane z reprodukcijo. Ribji prehodi omilijo negativen vpliv, ki ga povzročajo vodne zgradbe. Nudijo pomoč ribam pri premagovanju vodnih ovir, še vedno pa občutno vplivajo na spremenjene vodne razmere gorvodno, do koder seže vpliv zajezitve. Seminar opisuje ribje vrste in njihove potrebe glede vodnega okolja, ter spremembe, ki jih povzročajo vodne zgradbe. Navedene so vrste ribjih prehodov, ki so najpogosteje uporabljene v Evropi, opisan je princip delovanja, osnove dimenzioniranja in splošna ocena prednosti in slabosti določene vrste prehoda.
Ključne besede: ribji prehodi, vodne zgradbe, drst, migracije, prehodnost vodnih organizmov, neprekinjenost vodnih poti

Abstract
Due to increasing number of weirs and dams, built for power generation, flow regulation, water supply and irrigation, many European rivers had become impassable for fish species, that need to migrate upstream and/or downstream in various stages of their life cycle. Many of these migrations are crutial for the survival of the species, since they are closely related to reproduction. Fish passes limit the damage that these barriers constitute. They offer help for fish to overcome the barrier, but still they reasonably alternate the water course upstream, where the impounded area has its effects. The coursework describes the fish species and their needs in terms of aquatic environment and the effects caused by hydraulic structures. Types of commonly used fish passes in Europe are enlisted, the description of principles of functioning, fundamentals of design and overall assessment of strengths and weaknesses of various types of passes.
Key words: fish passes, hydraulic structures, spawning, migration, free passage, longitudinal connectivity

MUZICA Maja: Računanje stabilnosti različnih vrst hudourniških pregrad
Mentor: doc. dr. Andrej Kryžanowski
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Osnovni namen seminarske naloge je bil pregled dosegljive literature s področja načrtovanja in preverjanja stabilnosti hudourniških pregrad ter s tem razširitev znanja, pridobljenega tekom študija. Osnovo za delo sta predstavljala Inženirski priročnik za reševanje problemov s področja hudourništva iz leta 1975 (v srbohrvaščini) in novejša knjiga o geotehniki pregrad (v angleškem jeziku). V seminarju smo obdelali dva najpogostejša tip hudourniških pregrad: težnostne in ločne s poudarkom na prodnih hudourniških armiranobetonskih pregradah, navedli nekaj najpogostejših metod za določanje njihovih dimenzij in bolj podrobno obdelali kritične kontrole za preverjanje stabilnosti takšnih objektov (prevrnitev pregrade, napetosti v temeljnih tleh in nosilnost, preverjanje napetosti v telesu pregrade, poseben poudarek je bil na varnosti proti zdrsu, ki je običajno kritičen pri težnostnih pregradah). Ker se v praksi za načrtovanje malih pregradnih objektov uporabljajo postopki za podporne konstrukcije, smo v seminarju izvedli primerjavo med kontrolami stabilnosti, predpisanimi z geotehničnim standardom Eurocode 7 za podporne konstrukcije in postopki, ki se uporabljajo pri načrtovanju velikih (zadrževalnih) pregrad. Poudariti velja, da za načrtovanje pregradnih objektov ne obstaja splošen standard, podane so le smernice za projektiranje takšnih objektov. V osnovi so postopki v EC-7 in hidrotehnični praksi podobni (fizikalno ozadje je seveda enako), razlikuje se predvsem pri faktoriranju (Eurocode uporablja koncept parcialnih varnostnih faktorjev, medtem ko se v hidrotehnični praksi uporablja koncept globalne varnosti).
Ključne besede: Hudourniške pregrade, ločne pregrade, prodne pregrade, težnostne pregrade, stabilnost, zdrs, prevrnitev, napetosti

Abstract
The main objective of this seminar was to expand the knowledge gained during regular university courses by review of available literature for the design and stability control of check dams. Engineering manual for solving problems in the field of torrent and erosion control (published in year 1975 in Serbo-croatian language) and newer book on geotechnical engineering of dams (in English language) formed a base for the work. Two most common types of check dams were examined in the seminar: gravity and arch dams with a special accent on the sediment retention dams made of reinforced concrete. Also some most common methods for deriving dimensions of such dams are listed, followed by detailed review of critical stability controls (rotation of the dam as a rigid body, stress in foundation medium and its bearing capacity, checking stress state of a dam body, a special attention was paid to the safety against lateral translation of the dam due to exhausted shear strength at the contact of dam / foundation medium or inside foundation medium). Since controls for geotechnical retention structures are commonly used in the design of check dams, a comparison of stability controls between geotechnical standard Eurocode 7 and controls required for high dams was made. It should be stressed at this point that an appropriate standard for dam design does not exist and only guidelines from different sources can be obtained. Basically are controls given in EC-7 and in hydro engineering praxis similar (they have same background in terms of physics), the major difference found was application of safety factors: Eurocode utilizes a concept of a partial safety factors applied to the loads and resistances, while in hydro engineering the global safety factor concept is broadly used.
Key words: Check dams, arch dams, sediment retention dams, gravity dams, stability, slide, lateral translation, rotation of a rigid body, stresses

MATJAŠIČ Viktor: Čiščenje in odvajanje odpadnih voda na območjih do 2000 PE
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
Somentor:asist. dr. Mario Krzyk
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Seminarska naloga predstavi možnosti čiščenja na območjih do 2000 populacijskih ekvivalentov, ali tako imenovana območja z razpršeno poselitvijo. V uvodnem delu je opisana problematika razpršene poselitve in zakonske zahteve za reševanje problema čiščenja odpadnih voda na teh območjih. V nadaljevanju so opisani evropski in slovenski zakonski predpisi, kateri določajo načine ravnanja z odpadno vodo. Predstavljena je sestava odpadne vode in parametri, ki določajo načine in tehnološke postopke čiščenja. Na voljo imamo več različnih tehnoloških postopkov, ki so razdeljeni v štiri skupine: mehanske in delno biološke čistilne naprave (greznice, Imhoff usedalnik, ponikovalni vodi in filterski jarki), naravni sistemi čiščenja (lagune in rastlinske čistilne naprave – RČN), čistilne naprave z lebdečo biomaso (kontinuirana čistilna naprava z aktivnim blatom, sekvenčni biološki reaktor – SBR, membranski biološki reaktor - MBR) in čistilne naprave s pritrjeno biomaso (precejalniki, biodiski in reaktor s plavajočimi nosilci biomase - MBBR). Med temi tehnologijami čiščenja moramo poiskati najbolj optimalno rešitev čiščenja odpadne vode, glede na zahteve vsakega posameznika. Za lažji izbor so v zadnjem delu predstavljene prednosti in slabosti posameznih tehnoloških postopkov in ekonomska primerjava stroškov. Na koncu seminarske naloge je zbranih tudi nekaj ponudnikov malih čistilnih naprav na slovenskem trgu.
Ključne besede: čiščenje odpadnih voda, do 2000 PE, zakonodaja, male čistilne naprave, načini čiščenja odpadnih voda, slovenski trg

Abstract
Research project presents the possibility of cleaning wastewater in areas to 2000 PU or so-called areas with dispersd settlement. The introductory section deals with the problem of dispersion of settlement and legal requirements for solving the problem of wastewater treatment in these areas. Research project further describes European and Slovinian legally adopted regulations, which need to be considerd in the management of wastewater. The wastewater is represented by its composition and parameters, which define the methods and technological processes for cleaning. We have several different technological processes, wich are divided into four groups: mechanical and partly biological treatment plant (septic tanks, Imhoff´s seetling tank, leach fields, water filter ditches), natural cleaning systems (lagoons and wetlands), wastewater treatment plants with floating biomass (continuous treatment plant with activated sludge, Sequencing Batch Reactor – SBR, Membrane Bioreactor – MBR) and wastewater treatment plants with fixed biomass (strainer, biodisc, Moving Bed Biofilm Bioreactor – MBBR). Among these purification technologies we need to find the most optimal solution to wastewater tratment, which depends on the requirements of each individual. For the appropriate selection the last part presents the advantages an disadvantages of different technological processes and economic comparison of the costs. At the end of the seminar paper is a list of some providers of small wastewater treatment plants on the Slovinian market.
Key words: wastewater treatment, to 2000 PU, legislation, small wastewater treatment plants, wastewater treatment methods, Slovinian market

KLAČNIK Jasmina: Uporaba rastlinskih čistilnih naprav na slovenskih planinah in v visokogorju
Mentor: doc. dr. Darko Drev
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Seminarsko nalogo sem namenila iskanju planinskih postojank v Sloveniji, ki za čiščenje svojih odpadnih voda uporabljajo rastlinsko čistilno napravo. Najprej sem opisala splošne lastnosti rastlinskih čistilnih naprav in njihove posebnosti v alpskem svetu, v nadaljevanju pa tipe, izgradnjo in njihovo delovanje. Nato sem se posvetila močvirskim rastlinam, ki so lahko za gorski svet drugačne, kot se jih uporablja v nižinah. Predvsem je pomembno, da se pri rastlinskih čistilnih napravah uporabljajo rastline, ki že same rastejo v okolici ali pa v enakih razmerah. Glavni vzrok nastajanja odpadnih voda v alpskem svetu je gradnja planinskih postojank, katerih največji namen je nudenje planincem osnovnih dobrin (hrana, stranišče, prenočitev). Trenutno je na uradnem seznamu Planinske zveze Slovenije 178 koč, zavetišč in bivakov, vendar zaradi različnih razlogov to niso vsi objekti v slovenskih gorah. Natančneje sem se posvetila štirim rastlinskim čistilnim napravam v Sloveniji. Največ njihovih podatkov sem pridobila osebno od dveh podjetij (Limnos d.o.o., Liviplant d.o.o.), ki sta tri od obravnavanih naprav zgradili, in od treh upravljavcev (Komunala d.o.o. Sevnica, g. Janez Kosmač PD Žiri, g. Zdenko Purnat PD Gornji Grad), ki sedaj upravljajo tri od obravnavanih naprav. Podatke o kočah sem pridobila na spletnih straneh PZS. Kot zanimivost gradnje rastlinskih čistilnih naprav na nadmorski višini 2000 m, sem dodala še dve uspešno delujoči tovrstni napravi v Alpah v tujini.
Ključne besede: rastlinska čistilna naprava, odpadna voda, visokogorje, planinska koča

Abstract
Key words:

LANG Maja: Presoja poplavne nevarnosti v območjih poselitve zaradi zalednih voda
Mentor: prof. dr. Franci Steinman
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Naravna nesreča je posledica delovanja naravnega pojava. V Sloveniji so med najbolj pogostimi poplave, katere vsako leto povzročijo veliko škodo. Med različnimi vrstami poplav poznamo tudi poplave, ki se pojavijo zaradi zalednih voda. Zaledne vode so vode, ki se zbirajo izven obravnavanega območja in iz zalednih površin dotekajo razpršeno na obravnavano območje. Popolna zaščita pred poplavami je praktično in ekonomsko neizvedljiva, lahko pa s pravimi protipoplavnimi ukrepi v precejšni meri preprečimo škodo in zmanjšamo ogroženost prebivalcev na tem območju. Glavno vlogo pri poplavah obravnavanega območja igra odvodnjavanje. Odtok iz naselja je možen tako po kanalizacijskih sistemih, kot odtok v mrežo vodotokov ali pa kot razpršen odtok. Eden izmed protipoplavnih ukrepov je tako pravilna postavitev in dimenzioniranje odtokov, kar je mogoče izračunati na različne načine. Eden izmed njih je s programom Hec-Hms, kateri je predstavljen v seminarski nalogi. Na primeru naselja Podgrad, ki se nahaja na vzhodnem delu obrobja Ljubljane in leži v kotlini med dvema hriboma, s katerih se ob intenzivnih kratkotrajnih padavinah stekajo zaledne vode, so predstavljeni tudi različni protipoplavni ukrepi.
Ključne besede:

Abstract
Natural disasters are a result of natural phenomena. One of the most common natural disaster in Slovenia are floods which cause a lot of damage every year. Among different types of floods we know there are floods caused by background waters. Background waters are waters that are accumulated outside of the observed area and are flowing from the background areas to the observed area in a dispersed flow. Complete protection against floods is practically and economically unachievable but with correct anti-flood measures the damage and risk to the inhabitants can be reduced. The main role in flooding of the observed area has the drainage system. Drainage of a settlement is possible using the sewerage systems, using the existing watercourse systems or as a dispersed drain. As an anti-flooding measure correct placement and sizing of drains is very important and can be calculated in different ways. On of them is by using software package Hec-Hms which is presented in this term paper. With an example of settlement Podgrad which is located just east of Ljubljana in a basin between two hills from which during intense rain periods the water flows towards the settlement different anti-flood measures are presented as well.
Key words:

GROZINA Ingrid: Analiza razpoložljivosti in raba vode na vodnem območju Donave v Sloveniji
Mentor: prof. dr. Franci Steinman
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
S sprejetjem vodne direktive smo se zavezali k trajnostni rabi vodnih virov in preprečevanju slabšanja stanja voda. Z načrtom upravljanja voda so bili postavljeni temelji za dosego dobrega stanja voda. Za analizo razpoložljivosti in rabe voda je treba določiti trenutno stanje vodnih območij, kar nam omogoči podlago za nadaljnje analize.
Ključne besede: vodna direktiva, načrt upravljanja voda, vodna bilanca, raba vode

Abstract
We adopted the Water Framework Directive, therefore we are committed to the sustainable use of water resources. It is also necessary to prevent the deterioration of the water. River basin management plan sets the foundation for achieving appropriate quality of water. When analyzing the availability and use of water it is necessary to determine the current conditions of water areas for further analyses.
Key words: Water Framework Directive, river basin management plan, water balance, water use

GREGORIČ Elio: Razsoljevanje
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Zaradi večanja svetovne populacije in razvoja se potrebe po pitni vodi večajo. Ker so viri sladke vode omejeni ali že močno izkoriščeni, je ponekod potrebno zagotoviti pitno vodo iz drugih virov. V seminarju so predstavljene metode za pridobivanje pitne vode iz morja ali brakičnih voda s tehnologijami razsoljevanja. Na začetku so opredeljene vrste vode, kemične in fizikalne lastnosti standardne morske vode. Sledi predstavitev tehnologij, najprej so predstavljene termične tehnologije kot večfazna ravnotežna destilacija (MSF), s katero je na svetu pridelane največ vode, nato večstopenjska destilacija (MED) in kompresija pare (VC). Za izbrane naprave so podani tudi podatki o njihovi učinkovitosti in proizvodnih kapacitetah. Večji del seminarja je namenjen membranskim tehnologijam, pretežno povratni osmozi, principu delovanja, možnim materialom in tehnologijam izdelave membran. Tudi za reverzno osmozo so prikazani primeri naprav in izračuni ekonomske učinkovitosti. Da bi sledili sodobnim tehnologijam, so v seminar vključene tudi možne kombinacije tehnologij razsoljevanja z obnovljivimi viri energije. Sončno energijo je mogoče izkoristiti v obliki direktnega sevanja v membranski destilaciji ali za poganjanje povratne osmoze preko fotovoltaičnih modulov. Možna je tudi uporaba vetrne elektrarne ali energije, pridobljene iz morja, iz valovanja ali plimovanja, za direktno delo ali poganjanje reverzne osmoze preko proizvedene električne energije. V zaključku je prikazana hitra rast novih tehnologij in projekcija rasti za prihodnja desetletja. 
Ključne besede: Razsoljevanje, Reverzna osmoza, MSF, MED, MVC, Solarna destilacija

Abstract
Population growth demands constant increase in drinkable water production, alot of developing countries has a deficiency in fresh water so they have to tap in alternative water sources. This paper presents is an overview of desalinating technologies that provide the possibility to produce fresh water from sea or brackish water. First chapter is dedicated to water classification according to chemical composition and solids content. The overview starts with thermal technologies, Multi-Stage Flash Units (MSF), Multiple-Effect Distillation (MED) and Mechanical Vapour Compression (MVC). The growth of production for each technology with a list of selected plants and their production capacity are presented. A substantial part is dedicated to membrane technologies, mainly to reverse osmosis. Membrane materials and types are described for all membrane technologies as Microfiltration, Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration and Reverse osmosis. An economical comparison of the systems is also included. Last section of the paper presents novel processes which use renewable energies for fresh water production. From the solar still evaporators, to more complex systems to harness energy from the sun, wind, tides, waves to produce electricity to run reverse osmosis. The conclusion shows the incredible growth of desalination plants all over the world and the current trend predicts even steeper growth.
Key words: Desalination, Reverse osmosis, MSF, MED, MVC, Solar distillation

CILENŠEK Jernej: Zaščita pred vodnimi ujmami – mobilna protipoplavna zaščita
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: junij 2016

Povzetek
Vodne ujme so del naravnih katastrof, ki vsako leto prizadenejo veliko število ljudi in s tem povezanih okoljskih dejavnikov, ki so nujno potrebni za življenje. Da je škoda čim manjša, je potrebno te pojave kolikor se da natančno predvideti in se na njih ustrezno pripraviti (protipoplavni ukrepi, visokovodni nasipi, hidravlični objekti itd.). Seveda pa ti protipoplavni ukrepi povsod niso mogoči, poleg tega nas lahko vodna ujma tudi na hitro preseneti. Zato je potrebno, za varovanje naših dobrin, poiskati tudi druge protipoplavne ukrepe, tako imenovane začasne oziroma mobilne protipoplavne objekte. V nadaljevanju seminarske naloge vam bom predstavil nekaj različnih tipov mobilnih protipoplavnih zaščit. Kriterijev za ustreznost mobilne protipoplavne zaščite je več. Najpomembnejši je vsekakor čas postavitve. V primeru, da nas vodna ujma preseneti, je vsekakor potrebno, da čim hitreje postavimo protipoplavni objekt in s tem zmanjšamo škodo, ki bi drugače nastala. Drugi najpomembnejši kriterij je število potrebnih ljudi za postavitev. Vsi vemo, da je število dosegljivih ljudi, za postavljanje zaščite, omejeno. Pri reševanju večjih površin priskočijo na pomoč predvsem gasilci, medtem ko pri individualni gradnji lahko takšen objekt postavijo predvsem družinski člani ogrožene površine. Torej delovne sile ni vedno na voljo v neomejenih količinah.
Ključne besede: nasipi, visokovodni nasipi, vodna ujma, poplava, mobilna protipoplavna zaščita, začasna poplavna zaščita

Abstract
Floods are just a part of natural disasters, which happen every year and they hurt a lot of people and do a lot of damage to our nature. To prevent the damage they cause we need to predict them as fast and precisely as possible and we need to prepare to them as good as possible (flood barriers, flood mound). The biggest problem is, that the flood can come very fast, and we do not have time to prepare for it. If that happens we all need to have some other solutions. In that case we can search for mobile flood protections. In my seminar I will represent you some different types of mobile flood protections. There are more criteria of choosing the right mobile flood protection. The most important is definitely the time layout. When the flood comes we need to react and built flood protection as fast as possible to prevent the damage. The second one is workforce or how many people we need to build the flood protection. In most cases we can rely on firemen but they do not come in unlimited forces. So we have to choose a system that requires less people to build it. The third one are the costs. In that cases, cost should not be criteria, but unfortunately they are. In cost we have to count purchase price, costs of installation, storage, durability – amortization.
Key words: flood, flood damage, flood waters, mobile flood protection, temporary flood protection

ŽIBERT Tomaž: Preučevanja globalnega segrevanja in kritičnost do uradno sprejetih stališč
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: doc. dr. Mojca Šraj
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Temperatura ozračja in površja sta se spreminjali skozi celotno zgodovino, v zadnjih letih in desetletjih pa se po podatkih Združenih narodov človeštvo sooča z nepredvidljivimi posledicami globalnega segrevanja. Seminarska naloga se osredotoča na temperaturne spremembe na Zemlji, zgodovino preučevanja raziskovanja in meritev sprememb ter na razlike med argumenti uradno sprejetega modela IPCC Združenih narodov in argumenti znanstvenikov, ki modelu nasprotujejo. Povečan človekov vpliv na segrevanje se je začel z industrijsko revolucijo v 18. stoletju in množično uporabo premoga za poganjanje parnih strojev. Premog so skozi stoletja nadomestila druga fosilna goriva in z globalnim razvojem industrije se je povečal izpust toplogrednih plinov, ki z absorpcijo sončne svetlobe dodatno segrevajo ozračje. Analize IPCC temeljijo na podatkih pridobljeni z merilnimi postajami na Zemlji, s sateliti, preučevanjem usedlin v ledu, itd. Napovedi so povišanje temperature, zviševanje gladin morij in ekstremno vreme, kar bo vodilo v velike globalne družbene spremembe. Kritiki modelu očitajo, da dejansko ni možno določiti temperature v preteklosti (vzorci ledu in biomase so preveč nezanesljivi), da se izmenjujejo hladne in tople dobe, da model ne upošteva gibanja zemeljske osi, sončnih peg, itd. Nasprotujejo trditvi, da so antropogeni vplivi najbolj zaslužni za globalno segrevanje. V zadnjih tisočletjih so se že dogajale velike spremembe, katerim se je človek prilagajal (način življenja, migracije), a za njih ni mogel biti kriv.
Ključne besede: segrevanje Zemlje, toplogredni plini, podnebne spremembe, climategate

Abstract
The temperature of air and surface have been changing throughout history, but in the past years and decades humanity, according to United nations, is facing consequences of global warming. The seminar paper is focused on temperature changes on Earth, research history and measurment of change and on changes between the official IPCC model and arguments of scientists that oppose the model. Increased human footprint on warming started wih the industrial revolution in the 18. century with widespread coal use for powering steam engines. Throughout centuries coal has been replaced by other fossil fuels. With the industrial revolution emissions of greenhouse gases, which by absorbing Sun's heat add to global warming, increased. IPCC analysis are based on data acquired with measurment stations on Earth, satellites, by studying ice cores, and so on. The forecasts are higher temperatures, rising sea levels and extreme weather, which will lead to great global societal change. Critics argue that it is impossible to determine temperature in the past (ice core and biomass samples are not reliable), cold and warm periods have always been exchanging. Models don't include motion of Earths axis, sunspots and so on. They oppose the statement that anthropogical influences are mostly to blame for global warming. In the past thousands of years great changes have occured to which man has adapted (way of life, migration) but was not guilty of.
Key words: warming of Earth, greenhouse gases, climate change, climategate

MRAK Tanja: Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na vodni režim
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
Somentor: doc. dr. Mojca Šraj
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Seminarska naloga obravnava podnebne spremembe in njihove vplive na vodno okolje. Glavne posledice podnebnih sprememb povezane z vodnimi viri so povišanje temperature vode, spremembe v vzorcih padavin in snežne oddeje, povišanje pogostosti poplav in suš ter možen velik vpliv prihodnjega dviga morske gladine. Spremembe v podnebju se torej posledično odražajo na spremenjenem pretočnem režimu naših rek, slednje pa vpliva tudi na biotop. Pri slovenskih rekah je opazno povečanje jesenskega viška vode in zmanjšanje spomladanskega. Glavne komponenete vodne bilance, ki določajo razpoložljivost vodnih virov, so evapotranspiracija, pretok rek in napajanje podtalnice. Glavni krivec za njihove spremembe so pa spremembe podnebnih parametrov, zlasti temperature in padavin. Trendi pretokov so pomembni kazalci časovne spremenljivosti hidroloških pojavov, saj lahko iz njih sklepamo na spremembe v hidrološkem režimu in na obnašanje v prihodnosti. Podrobneje je opisan operativni monitoring vodne bialnce kmetijskih rastlin in pojav kmetijske suše.
Ključne besede: podnebne spremembe, vodni viri, vodni režim, poplave, suše

Abstract
Seminar deals with climate change and its imacts on water environment. The main implications of climate change related to water resources are increases in water temperature, changes in precipitation patterns and snow cover, increase in frequency of floods and droughts and possible major impact of future sea level rise. Changes in climate consequently reflect the changed flow regime of our rivers, that also has impact on the biotope. In Slovenian rivers is a noticeable increase in autumn excess water and reduce in the spring. The main components of the water balance, which determine the availability of water resources, are evapotranspiration, river flow and groundwater recharge. The main reason for their changes are changes in climate parameters, particularly temperature and precipitation. Trends of flows are important indicators of temporal variability of hydrological phenomena, because we can infer changes in the hydrological regime and the behavior in the future. In detail is described the operational monitoring of the water balance of agricultural crops and agricultural drought phenomenon.
Key words: climate changes, water resources, water regime, floods, droughts

BABNIK JEGLIČ Katja: Vpliv zajezitev in odvzemov voda za potrebe hidroenergije na vodni ekosistem
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
Somentor: doc. dr. Nataša Smolar-Žvanut
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
Brez celinskih vodnih ekosistemov si ne moremo predstavljati življenja in razvoja človeške družbe. Ker je v zadnjem obdobju razhajanje med ekonomskimi interesi in varovanjem okolja vse večje, je nujno potrebno poznavanje osnovnih procesov in metabolizma, ki poteka v teh edinstvenih in na velike spremembe zelo občutljivih okoljih. Hidroenergija je dolgo veljala za čist obnovljiv vir energije, ki ne povzroča nobenih emisij toplogrednih plinov in ne obremenjuje ozračja z izgorevanjem fosilnih goriv. Širši pogled na problematiko razkrije, da je že sama gradnja hidroenergetskega objekta velik poseg v okolje, ki z nepremišljenim delovanjem na ekosistemih celinskih voda pušča nepopravljive posledice. Odvzem ali zajezitev vode na vodni ekosistem poteka v treh fazah in sicer spremenjeno premeščanje plavin, spremenjen režim pretoka vode in sprememba fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov. Sledijo spremembe strukture plavin, oblike struge in sprememba v združbi perifitonskih alg in makrofitov. S takimi posegi se zmanjšuje biodiverziteta vodne in obvodne flore ter favne.
Ključne besede: vodni krog, celinski vodni ekosistemi, hidroenergija, zajezitev, odvzem vode, hidrolgija, morfologija, kemijsko-fizikalne spremembe, favna, flora

Abstract
One cannot imagine life and evolution of human society without continental water ecosystems. Since the divergence between economic interests and environment protection is recently growing, it seems essential to understand the basic processes and the metabolism running in these unique settings which are very sensitive to big changes. Hydropower has long been considered as a clean renewable energy source that does not cause any greenhouse gas emissions and does not burden the atmosphere with combustion of fossil fuels. A wider perspective of the issues shows that the construction of a hydroelectric facility already means a massive intervention into the environment which leaves irreparable consequences on the continental water ecosystems due to thoughtless action. Withdrawal or curbing water to an ecosystem takes place in three phases: changed sediments shifting, changed regime of water flow and a change in physic-chemical parameters. This is followed by changes in the sediments structure, forms of the riverbed and a change in the community of periphyton algae and macrophytes. Such interventions reduce the biodiversity of water and waterside flora and fauna.
Key words: water cycle, fresh water ecosystems, hydropower, impoundments, Hydrology, morphology, chemical-physical changes, fauna, flora

BRITOVŠEK Neja: Analiza možnosti ekološke obnove vodnih teles/span>
Mentor: prof. dr. Matjaž Mikoš
zagovor: maj 2016

Povzetek
V preteklosti so ljudje s tehničnimi ukrepi posegali v vodna telesa predvsem za potrebe kmetijstva, širjenja naselij, pridobivanja električne energije in varovanja pred poplavami. Z razvojem betona so mnogi vodotoki postali le še umetni kanali, ki so izgubili vse svoje funkcije. Poleg tega pa so bile poseljene tudi poplavne ravnice in izsušena številna močvirja. Voda nima več prepotrebnega prostora za zadrževanje in ekstremni pojavi, kot sta suša in poplave, so zato zmeraj pogostejši. V novejšem obdobju se vseh posledic preteklih ukrepov zaveda tudi družba, zato se trend gospodarjenja z vodami naglo obrača iz togih tehničnih ukrepov k sonaravnemu urejanju voda. Ključni cilj obnavljanja vodnih teles je vzpostaviti naravno ravnovesje vodotoka in prepustiti kroženju vode bistveno več prostora. S tem bodo dani pogoji za razvoj biotske pestrosti, kar vpliva tudi na samočistilno sposobnost vodotoka. Revitalizacijski ukrepi posnemajo strukturo in funkcijo naravnega vodnega ekosistema in vključujejo izdelavo prodišč, tolmunov, poplavnih ravnic, utrjevanje erodiranih brežin z različnimi sonaravnimi tehnikami itn. Pri sonaravnem urejanju se pojavlja tudi pojem inženirsko bioloških metod, ki se pogosto uporabljajo za stabilizacijo brežin. V primerjavi s klasičnimi tehničnimi ukrepi potrebujejo te metode več časa za doseganje želene stabilizacije, vendar so cenejše in manj zahtevne za gradnjo, predvsem pa povečujejo habitatno, samočistilno in estetsko funkcijo vodotokov. Pri sonaravnem urejanju voda je zelo pomembna uporaba naravnih, tudi živih materialov. V svetu je bilo uspešno obnovljenih že veliko različnih vrst vodnih teles, ki se danes obravnavajo kot primeri dobre prakse urejanja voda. 
Ključne besede: Sonaravno urejanje vodotokov, stabilizacija brežin, revitalizacija, inženirsko biološke metode, dobre prakse urejanja voda

Abstract
In the past, people interfered in bodies of water through technical steps mostly in need for agriculture, settlement expansion, gaining electrical energy and flood protection. With evolution of concrete, many waterways became merely artificial water canals that have lost all their functions. Apart from that, floodplains have become colonized and swamps have dried up. Water no longer has the highly needed space for retention, and extreme natural phenomena such as drought and floods have become more frequent. The society has been aware of the consequences of the past measures, therefore the water management trend is rapidly turning from rigid technical measures towards more natural water management. The key aim of water renewal is to restore natural watercourse balance and essentially give the water circulation more space. This will create conditions for development of biotic diversity which affects also on self-cleaning ability of a watercourse. Revitalisation measures imitate the structure and function of the natural water system, and include composition of gravel pits, pools, floodplains, strengthening of shoreline erosion using different natural techniques etc. In connection to natural management, biological systems engineering methods are often used for stabilisation of shorelines. Compared to classic technical measures these methods require more time to achieve desired stabilisation, however, they are cheaper and less demanding for construction, and above all they increase habitat, self-cleaning and aesthetic function of watercourses. In natural water management use of natural, even living materials is of high importance. Many bodies of water have been successfully restored around the world, and these are nowadays examples of good water management.
Key words: sustainable watercourse management, erosion protection, restoration, bioengineering methods, good practices for water management

MUTAVČIĆ Darko: Negotovost pri modeliranju hidroloških procesov
Mentor: prof. dr. Mitja Brilly
zagovor: april 2016

Povzetek
V praksi hidrologije je nemogoče izmeriti vse, kar bi želeli vedeti o hidrološkem sistemu, predvsem zaradi visoke heterogenosti interesnega območja in omejitev merilnih tehnik. Te omejitve in potrebe za ekstrapolacijo podatkov iz razpoložljivih meritev so sprožili uporabo hidroloških modelov. Vendar pa hidrološki modeli trpijo zaradi negotovosti pri svojih napovedih, kar zmanjšuje uporabnost in zaupanje v takšne modele. V tem pregledu so povzete različne klasifikacije tipov hidroloških modelov in naslovljene so tudi nekatere izmed njihovih prednosti in slabosti, povzeti so tudi nekateri ustaljeni kalibracijski postopki in metode ovrednotenja modelov. Ena izmed teh metod je analiza negotovosti, kateri je posvečeno posebno poglavje, kjer so navedeni viri negotovosti in metode za njihovo oceno.
Ključne besede: hidrološki modeli, umerjanje, ocena negotovosti

Abstract
In practil terms, in hydrology, it is impossible to measure everything we would like to know about the hydrological system, mainly due to high heterogenity of area of interest and the limitations of measurement techniques. These restrictions and the need to extrapolate data information from the available measurements initiated the use of hydrological models. However, hydrological models suffer from uncertainty in their predictions, which reduces usefulness of and confidence in such models. This review summarizes the different classifications of hydrological model types and have addressed some of their advantages and disadvantages, summarized are also some of the established calibration procedures and methods for model evaluation. One of these methods is the uncertainty analysis, to which is dedicated a special section, wherein are listed sources of uncertainty and methods for their evaluation.
Key words: hydrological models, calibration, uncertainty estimation

MLAKER Aleš: Predstavitev in izvedba kanalizacijskih sistemov z izbrano tehnologijo podvrtavanja
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Mario Krzyk
zagovor: april 2016

Povzetek
V seminarski nalogi so predstavljene štiri tehnologije podvrtavanja, katera so: mikrotuneliranje, horizontalno vodeno vrtanje, usmerjeno vrtanje z optičnim nadzorom in podvrtavanja s kovinsko zaščitno cevjo brez usmerjanja. Tehnologije podvrtavanja se uporabljajo pri prečkanju obstoječe infrastrukture in na vodovarstvenih območij. Te tehnologije imenujemo tudi tehnologije gradenj brez izkopov in so predstavljene v prvem delu od skupaj dveh, vsebinsko različnih poglavij. V drugem delu so predstavljeni trije različni načini odvodnjavanja odpadnih voda, ki so: gravitacijski kanalizacijski sistem, vakuumski kanalizacijski sistem in tlačni kanalizacijski sistem. Podrobno so opisane osnovne značilnosti, delovanje, in sestavnih komponent značilnih za posamezni kanalizacijski sistem. Prav tako je prikazan postopek dimenzioniranja kanalizacijskih sistemov in dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na načrtovanje in pravilno izbiro kanalizacijskega sistema. S podrobno predstavitvijo obeh dveh področij, sem na koncu oba dela povezal tako, da sem izbral pravilno tehnologijo podvrtavanja za izvedbo posameznega kanalizacijskega sistema.
Ključne besede: Kanalizacijski sistemi, Gravitacijski kanalizacijski sistem, Vakuumski kanalizacijski sistem, Tlačni kanalizacijski sistem, Horizontalno vodeno vrtanje - HDD, Mikrotuneliranje, Podvrtavanje s kovinsko zaščitno cevjo brez usmerjanja, Usmerjeno vrtanje z optičnim vodenjem

Abstract
In this seminar paper four subdrilling technologies are presented. These are microtunneling, horizontal directional drilling, directional drilling with optical control and pipe ramming. Subdrilling technologies are used for crossing existing infrastructure and in water protection areas. These technologies are also called trenchless technologies and they are presented in the first part of two parts which are different by content. In the second part three different ways of wastewater drainage are presented. They are gravity sewerage system, vacuum sewerage system and pressure sewerage system. Basic features, function and component parts characteristic for each sewerage system are described in details. The process of dimensioning of sewerage systems and the factors influencing the planning and right choice of the sewerage system are presented as well. With a detailed presentation of both areas I finally connected both parts and chose the right subdrilling technology to carry out each sewerage system.
Key words: Sewerage systems, Gravity sewerage system, Vacuum sewerage system, Pressure sewerage system, Horizontal Directional Drilling - HDD, Microtunneling, Pipe ramming, Directional drilling with optical control

GOLJA Aja: Nadzor ravnanja z balastnimi vodami – indikativne metode
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Dušan Žagar
Somentor: dr. Matej David
zagovor: marec 2016

Povzetek
Ladje potrebujejo dodatno obtežitev za zagotovitev stabilnosti in varnosti ladje. Za dodatno obtežitev uporabljajo vodo iz okolice imenovano balastna voda. Balastne vode vsebujejo usedline, organizme ter patogene, ki se prenašajo iz ene geografske lokacije na drugo. Ladje so glavni prenašalci organizmov in patogenov. Vsaka ladja ima potencial prenosa ter vnosa različnih vrst organizmov v novo okolje. Mednarodna pomorska organizacija (IMO) je leta 2004 sprejela Mednarodno konvencijo za nadzor in ravnanje z ladijskimi balastnimi vodami in usedlinami, katere glavna skrb je preprečitev, zmanjšanje in dokončna odprava tveganja za okolje, človeško zdravje, lastnino in panoge industrije, ki izhaja iz prenosa škodljivih vodnih organizmov in patogenov prek ladijskih balastnih vod in usedlin. V seminarju smo opisali potrebe ladij po balastni vodi, tanke balastne vode na ladjah, trenutno znanje o prenosu vrst organizmov z balastnimi vodami, Konvencijo za ravnanje z balastnimi vodami ter priporočila Konvencije s poudarkom na standardu kakovosti balastnih vod, opisali smo nekatere možne sisteme za ravnanje z ladijskimi balastnimi vodami ter vzorčenje in analiziranje balastne vode za potrebe določitve skladnosti s konvencijo. Glavni cilj seminarja je pregled in predstavitev problematike balastnih vod, ki ga rešuje Mednarodna pomorska organizacija IMO s Konvencijo za ravnanje z balastnimi vodami in usedlinami. Prikazali smo možne rešitve za zadovoljevanje standardov, glavni poudarek naloge pa je na metodah vzorčenja balastnih vod ter analizah vzorcev za kontrolo skladnosti s Konvencijo.
Ključne besede: balastna voda, vzorčenje, kontrola, skladnost, konvencija, indikativne metode

Abstract
Vessels require additional weight to ensure stability and safe operations. The material used is the water from the environment called ballast water (BW). Ballast water contains sediments, organisms and pathogens, which are transferred with BW from one geographic location to another. Shipping is the primary pathway for the introduction of species. Each vessel has the potential to introduce these species into the new environment. In 2004 International Maritime Organisation adopted the International Convention for Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Waters and Sediments (BWM Convention) with the main aim to prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risks to the environment, human health, property and resources, which arise from the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens via BW and sediments. The seminar deals with vessel's BW systems, BW tanks, current knowledge on species transfer with BW, Ballast Water Management Convention and its supporting guidelines outlining BW performance standard, BW management systems for vessels and BW sampling and sample analysis for compliance control. The aim of the seminar is to overview and present the problem of BW, which is the subject of International Marine Organisation IMO with Convention for control and management of ship's ballast water and sediments. Possible solutions to meet the standards are described with the main focus on ballast water sampling and sample analysis for compliance control.
Key words: ballast water, sampling, convention, compliance, control, indicative methods

ZALETELJ Aleš: Sodobni in sonaravni način čiščenja odpadnih voda na malih čistilnih napravah
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Marko Krzyk
zagovor: marec 2016

Povzetek
Seminarska naloga obravnava ureditev odvajanja in čiščenja odpadni vod predvsem v tistih delih Slovenije, kjer so naselja razpršena in je postavitev centralne čistilne naprave neekonomična. V seminarski nalogi so predstavljene male čistilne naprave, ki so primernejša za manjša naselja, kot tudi za individualne hiše ali planinske koče. Opisane so glavne značilnosti in procesi delovanja več različnih sistemov malih čistilnih naprav. Poudarek je na sonaravnem čiščenju v lagunah in rastlinskih čistilnih napravah. Naveden je problem obdelave blata, ki ga zaradi nove zakonodaje ni mogoče več deponirati. Predstavljeni so stroški in prednosti malih čistilnih naprav. Naloga se dotakne tudi okoljskih vidikov in vse bolj pomembnega varčevanja z vodo.
Ključne besede: komunalna odpadna voda, male čistilne naprave, razpršena poselitev Slovenije, rastlinska čistilna naprava

Abstract
Seminar paper addresses the lack of regulation in discharge and wastewater treatment, especially in those parts of Slovenia, where settlements are scattered and the placement of central wastewater treatment plant is uneconomical. The seminar presents small treatment plants that are best suited to smaller settlements, as well as individual houses or mountain huts. It describes the main features and processes of various systems of small wastewater treatment plants. The focus is on natural purification in lagoons and constructed wetlands. It stated the problem of processing sludge, which can no longer be deposit due to new legislation. It presents the costs and benefits of small wastewater treatment plants. The paper also touches the environmental aspects and all more significant water saving.
Key words: municipal waste water, small treatment plants, dispersed settlements in Slovenia, constructed wetland

ŠKRBINC Matic: Program Sewer+ 2016, navodila za projektiranje in primerjava s sorodnimi programi
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Marko Krzyk
zagovor: marec 2016

Povzetek
V seminarski nalogi sem pripravil navodilo za projektiranje kanalizacijskega sistema v programu Sewer+ 2016. Najprej sem preučil literaturo na temo odvodnjavanja onesnaženih voda, standard gradnje in preskušanja vodov in kanalov za odpadno vodo, pravilnik o projektni dokumentaciji, izbira ločenega ali mešanega kanalizacijskega sistema ter izdelava in uporaba ITP krivulj. Raziskal sem zgodovino razvoja programa Sewer+ ter podatke o samem ponudniku. Zamislil sem si priporočen potek projektiranja v programu, kateremu sem sledil in postopoma ustvaril navodilo. Navodilo projektanta smiselno vodi od pridobitve potrebnih vhodnih podatkov, inštalacije programa, vnosa in urejanja terenskih podatkov, vzpostavitve sistema mrež in kanalov, vnosa osi kanalov, urejanja nivelete, določitve cevi in jaškov do podajanja prispevnih površin hidravličnega izračuna in izdelavo končnih izrisov in izpisov, ki so potrebni za izdelavo vseh faz projektne dokumentacije. Poleg navodila sem v preglednicah prikazal primerjave programa s sorodnimi programi glede zgodovine in namena razvijanja, nabora funkcij, včitavanja terena, projektiranja, hidravaličnega izračuna, izpisa končnih poročil, cene,… Na koncu pa sem predstavil še nekaj smiselnih in enostavnih predlogov s katerimi bi program Sewer+ dodatno izpopolnil, ter podal mnenje o prednostih in slabostih sorodnih programov glede na njihove lastnosti, delovanje in zmožnosti.
Ključne besede: Sewer+2016, kanalizacijski sistem, navodilo, projektiranje, odvajanje odpadnih voda, prispevne površine, hidravlični izračun, hidravlično dimenzioniranje

Abstract
In the seminar paper, the instructions to design a sewage system with the program Sewer+ 2016 are presented. In the first part, I studied the literature on the drainage of waste water, standards of construction and testing of drains and sewers, rules of the project documentation, separate or combined sewage system choice, and on production and application of ITP curves. I researched the history of the program Sewer+ development and its provider. I pictured a useful plan course in the program; I followed the program and gradually set up instructions. The project leader instructions logically guide from getting the input data needed, program installation, input and processing of terrain data, network and sewer system set-up, sewer axis input, grade level arrangement, pipes and manholes determination to introducing catchement areas, hydraulic calculation and making final tracings and copies needed to finish all the phases of the project documentation. Beside instructions, I have compared the program with similar programs in reference to the history and purpose of the processing, function set, terrain reading, planning, hydraulic calculation, final report copy, price, etc., and presented it in the tables. At the end, I presented some logical and simple propositions to improve the Sewer+ program and formed the opinion on advantages and disadvantages of the similar programs regarding their features, working and abilities.
Key words: Sewer+2016, sewage system, instruciton, design, sewage manegment, catchement areas, hydraulic calculation, hydraulic design

SLIVAR Miha: Problematika naravnih in antropogenih onesnaževalcev vodnega okolja v Sloveniji
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Marko Krzyk
zagovor: marec 2016

Povzetek
Problematika onesnaževanja vodnega okolja v Sloveniji, ki je prikazana skozi varstvo okolja, zajema tako zakonodajo, ki to obravnava, kot čiščenje onesnaženosti in zaščito voda. Slovenija je kljub svoji majhnosti, ena izmed najbogatejših držav v Evropi, glede vodnih virov. Močna razgibanost kamninske sestave in terena so vzroki, da so vodotoki v Sloveniji večinoma kratki in oblikujejo gosto rečno mrežo. Vodno okolje, zato ni bistveno izpostavljeno meddržavnemu onesnaževanju. Slovenija ima kakovostne površinske in podzemne vode. Velika količina dinamičnih zalog se nahaja v geoloških plasteh, ki prevajajo in akumulirajo podzemno vodo, ki predstavlja glavni vir pitne vode v Sloveniji. Pomembno je, da zato še bistveno bolj poskrbimo, za varstvo vodnega okolja na državnem nivoju in preprečimo nadaljna onesnaževanja vodnega okolja. Namen seminarja je bil seznanitev s problematiko na področju onesnaževanja vodnega okolja v Sloveniji. Preučiti zakonodajo na področju varovanja vodnega okolja in glavne zakone, ki izhajajo iz smernic evropske Vodne direktive. Nadalje sem preučil še najpomembnejše antropogene onesnaževalce in procese čiščenja ter zaključil z možnimi ukrepi in podal splošne ocene kakovosti voda v Sloveniji, ki izhajajo iz obsežnih monitoringov, od sprejetja smernic Vodne direktive.
Ključne besede: Zakonodaja, Vodna direktiva, vodna telesa, antropogeno onesnaževanje voda, čiščenje odpadne vode, kakovost voda

Abstract
Issues with contaminats of the aquatic environment in Slovenia, is shown through the protection of the environment, covering both the legislation which it regarded, as the cleaning of pollution and protection of it. Slovenia, despite its small size, is one of the richest countries in Europe on water resources. Strong dynamism in the composition of terrain and rock, are the causes that the rivers in Slovenia, mostly form short, dense networks of rivers. This is why the aquatic environment, is not significantly exposed to the interstate pollution. Slovenia has a good quality surface and underground water. A large amount of dynamic stock is located in geological formations that store and transmit groundwater, which is the main source of drinking water in Slovenia. Therefore, it's important, to take care and protect the aquatic environment at the national level and prevent any further pollution of it. The purpose of the seminar was to acquaint myselve with the problems in the field of pollution of the aquatic environment in Slovenia. Examine legislation in the field of protection and their main laws, deriving from the guidelines of the European Water Framework Directive. Furthermore, I researched the most important anthropogenic contaminants and cleaning processes in aquatic environment, and finished with actions on how to prevent them. In the end I gave a general evaluation of water quality of aquatic environment in Slovenia, which was based on large-scale monitoring resulting from guidelines of Water Framework Directive.
Key words: Legislation, Water Framework Directive, water bodies, anthropogenic water pollution, wastewater treatment, water quality

PEZDIRC Andrej: Reciklaža izrabljenih gum
Mentor: prof. dr. Violeta Bokan-Bosiljkov
zagovor: marec 2016

Povzetek
Nepravilno odložene izrabljene gume predstavljajo velik okoljski problem, saj lahko škodujejo okolju in zdravju ljudi. Kupi odloženih gum so dober prostor za razmnoževanje komarjev in podgan, ki prenašajo bolezni, prav tako lahko pride do vžiga gum, kar ima za posledico močno onesnaženje zraka, tal in vodotokov. Čeprav izrabljene gume zaradi svoje voluminoznosti in trajnosti predstavljajo velik problem, so pomemben vir surovin za ponovno uporabo v različnih produktih, zato je pomembno pravilno ravnanje z njimi. Področje ravnanja z izrabljenimi gumami je v Sloveniji dobro urejeno z zakonodajo, saj uredba o ravnanju z izrabljenimi gumami določa za odgovornega proizvajalca, katerega dolžnost je zbiranje, prevoz in predelava izrabljenih gum. Izrabljene gume so kompozit kavčuka, umetnih mas, žvepla in dodatkov ter so ojačane z jeklom in vlakni, zaradi česar jih je težko reciklirati na konvencionalen način. Danes so razvite različne fizikalne in kemijske metode za reciklažo izrabljenih gum, od mletja gum na granulat različnih velikosti do toplotne razgradnje na tekoče, plinaste in trdne komponente. Reciklirani materiali se uporabljajo v raznih panogah, kot so gradbeništvo, industrija, kmetijstvo, vrtnarstvo itd. Problem pa še vedno predstavljajo optimalnost in ekonomska upravičenost nekaterih metod ter omejena uporaba recikliranega materiala pri proizvodnji novih produktov.
Ključne besede: zakonodaja, ravnanje z odpadki, izrabljene gume, recikliranje, metode reciklaže, zgradba pnevmatike

Abstract
Incorrectly disposed waste tires represent a major environmental problem because it can be harmful to the environment and to human health. Massive stockpiles of waste tires provide ideal breeding grounds for disease carrying mosquitoes and rats, also these stockpiles can catch fire, leading to extensive environmental pollution and ground contamination. Though, the waste tires, due to the large volume produced and their durability create a lot of problems, they are important source of raw materials that can be used in other products. Regarding to this, it is important they are handled properly. In Slovenia waste tire management is well regulated with legislation, where regulation determines that it is producers responsibility for collecting, transportation and recovery of waste tires. Waste tire is a composite of different crosslinked rubber compounds reinforced with both textile fibre and steel wire, which makes them hard to recycle by conventional methods. Today, physical and chemical methods are developed for recycling of waste tires, from grinding them into rubber crumb to thermal decomposition, yielding liquid, gaseous and solid components. Recycled materials can be used in civil engineering, manufacturing industry, agriculture, horticulture etc. However, some problems occur, due to high costs of some methods and limited use of recycled materials in new products.
Key words: legislation, waste management, waste tires, recycling, recycling methods, tire structure

LUNAR (PERNE) Polona: Zadrževanje padavinskih voda in odvodnjavanje avtocest z vidika zaščite okolja
Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Jože Panjan
Somentor: asist. dr. Marko Krzyk
zagovor: februar 2016

Povzetek
Človek je s svojo navzočnostjo ter uporabo prostora povzročil spremembe zemeljskega površja, ter spremembe v funkcioniranju celotnega biotopa. Zaradi naraščajočega obsega urbanizacije, so se povečali odtočni koeficienti ter zmanjšale možnosti zadrževanja deževnih vod na površini. Med drugim se veliki posegi v naravo povzročajo tudi z gradnjo avtocest. Z utrjenih prometnih površin v času nalivov lahko v zelo kratkem času odteče zelo velika količina padavinske vode, ki je pogosto precej onesnažena in kot taka neprimerna za izpust v naravno okolje. Zato jo je pred izpustom potrebno primerno očistiti, kar določa tudi veljavna zakonodaja. Tip in stopnja očiščevanja se določita glede na ranljivost območja po katerem prometnica poteka. Pogosto je že zaradi slabše ponikalne spodobnosti potrebno zadrževanje padavinske vode v zadrževalnikih, kjer se voda delno očisti in počasi spusti v okolje. Po potrebi se predvidijo še dodatni ukrepi za čiščenje meteorne vode. V zadnjem času raziskave kažejo na dobro učinkovitost čiščenja, ki ga predstavljajo zadrževalnik s funkcijo lovilca olj in usedalnika, zadrževalnik s ponikovalnikom in rastlinske čistilne naprave. Za učinkovito delovanje čistilnih objektov je, tako kot pri vseh ostalih odvodnjevalnih napravah, potrebno redno čiščenje in vzdrževanje.
Ključne besede: zadrževanje, padavinska voda, odvodnjavanje avtocest, zaščita okolja

Abstract
Man with his presence and the use of space caused changes in the Earth's surface, and changes in the functioning of the entire biotope. Due to the growing urbanization, there are increased drainage coefficients and reduce the possibility of retention of rain water on the surface. Among other things, the large interventions in nature are also caused by the construction of motorways. We are often dealing with great amount of rainwater coming very quickly from road surface during heavy rain, which is often quite contaminated and as such unsuitable for release into the natural environment. Therefore it is necessary rainwater from road surface to be properly cleaned before discharge, which also determines the applicable law. The type and degree of purification are determined according to the vulnerability of the area traffic route is running. Often it is, due to the lack of sufficient drainage, necessary to hold rainwater in reservoirs, where water is partially cleaned and slowly released into the environment. If necessary, additional cleaning storm water is provided. Recent researches demonstrate the effectiveness of cleaning, represented by the reservoir with addition functions of oil separator and settlement tank, reservoir with ground infiltration and constructed wetlands. For efficient operation of those cleaning appliances is, as with all other drainage systems, required regular cleaning and maintenance.
Key words: containment, storm water, drainage motorways, protection of the environment

BAKARIČ Nikola: Hidravlično modeliranje cevovodnih sistemov s pomočjo programov QGIS in Epanet
Mentor: prof. dr. Franci Steinman
Somentor: asist. dr. Daniel Kozelj
zagovor: februar 2016

Povzetek
V nalogi predstavljamo osnove numerične metode SPH, ki smo jih povzeli iz izbrane literature. Opisujemo delovanje metode, ki temelji na Lagrangeevem opisu domene, opišemo jedrno funkcijo metode SPH in osnovne enačbe. V modelu TisISAT smo izvedli simulacijo padca kocke na vodno gladino in njeno tonjenje proti dnu po metodi SPH. Namen naloge je prikazati delovanje metode na konkretnem primeru in predstaviti tri sklope rezultatov (gibanje delcev tekočine, hitrosti v tekočini in tlake v tekočini). Ugotovili smo, da metoda realistično opiše opazovani pojav in nam daje kvalitativno zadovoljive rezultate.
Ključne besede: metoda SPH, tonjenje kocke, tekočina, delci, hitrostno polje, polje tlakov, Lagrangeeva metoda

Abstract
We introduce basics of the SPH numerical method, recapitulated from chosen literature. We describe the functionality of the Lagrangean grid-based method, its kernel function and the fundamental equations. In the model TisISAT based on the SPH method we performed simulations of a cube falling to the water surface and its sinking into the fluid.The aim of the study was to show operation of the SPH method on a case study and to obtain three types of results (motion of particles in the fluid, velocity fields and pressure fields). The SPH method gives qualitatively good results and realistic description of the observed phenomena.
Key words: SPH method, cube sinking, liquid, particles, velocity field, pressure field, Lagrangean method

BOSNAR Blaž: Simulacija padca in tonjenja kocke v tekočini po metodi SPH
Mentor: izr prof. dr. Dušan Žagar
Somentor: dr.Gregor Petkovšek
zagovor: januar 2016

Povzetek
V nalogi predstavljamo osnove numerične metode SPH, ki smo jih povzeli iz izbrane literature. Opisujemo delovanje metode, ki temelji na Lagrangeevem opisu domene, opišemo jedrno funkcijo metode SPH in osnovne enačbe. V modelu TisISAT smo izvedli simulacijo padca kocke na vodno gladino in njeno tonjenje proti dnu po metodi SPH. Namen naloge je prikazati delovanje metode na konkretnem primeru in predstaviti tri sklope rezultatov (gibanje delcev tekočine, hitrosti v tekočini in tlake v tekočini). Ugotovili smo, da metoda realistično opiše opazovani pojav in nam daje kvalitativno zadovoljive rezultate.
Ključne besede: metoda SPH, tonjenje kocke, tekočina, delci, hitrostno polje, polje tlakov, Lagrangeeva metoda

Abstract
We introduce basics of the SPH numerical method, recapitulated from chosen literature. We describe the functionality of the Lagrangean grid-based method, its kernel function and the fundamental equations. In the model TisISAT based on the SPH method we performed simulations of a cube falling to the water surface and its sinking into the fluid.The aim of the study was to show operation of the SPH method on a case study and to obtain three types of results (motion of particles in the fluid, velocity fields and pressure fields). The SPH method gives qualitatively good results and realistic description of the observed phenomena.
Key words: SPH method, cube sinking, liquid, particles, velocity field, pressure field, Lagrangean method